Erwin remained in Paris before boarding the ship in Le Havre, France, on August 29, 1938. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland, marking the beginning of World War II. Read More

Lou was born a Jew during a period of extermination, hidden by a resourceful mother, taught Polish by a non-Jewish Polish family, taught German by nuns in a convent, recovered from TB, and taught Yiddish and right from wrong by his parents in a German DP camp. Read More